wms / wms4_yinnixinyi · Files

.TH "NPM\-INSTALL" "1" "February 2023" "" ""
.SH "NAME"
\fBnpm-install\fR \- Install a package
.SS Synopsis
.P
.RS 2
.nf
npm install [<package\-spec> \.\.\.]

aliases: add, i, in, ins, inst, insta, instal, isnt, isnta, isntal, isntall
.fi
.RE
.SS Description
.P
This command installs a package and any packages that it depends on\. If the
package has a package\-lock, or an npm shrinkwrap file, or a yarn lock file,
the installation of dependencies will be driven by that, respecting the
following order of precedence:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm\-shrinkwrap\.json\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBpackage\-lock\.json\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fByarn\.lock\fP

.RE
.P
See package\-lock\.json \fI/configuring\-npm/package\-lock\-json\fR and
npm help shrinkwrap\.
.P
A \fBpackage\fP is:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
a) a folder containing a program described by a
\fBpackage\.json\fP \fI/configuring\-npm/package\-json\fR file
.IP \(bu 2
b) a gzipped tarball containing (a)
.IP \(bu 2
c) a url that resolves to (b)
.IP \(bu 2
d) a \fB<name>@<version>\fP that is published on the registry (see
npm help registry) with (c)
.IP \(bu 2
e) a \fB<name>@<tag>\fP (see npm help dist\-tag) that
points to (d)
.IP \(bu 2
f) a \fB<name>\fP that has a "latest" tag satisfying (e)
.IP \(bu 2
g) a \fB<git remote url>\fP that resolves to (a)

.RE
.P
Even if you never publish your package, you can still get a lot of benefits
of using npm if you just want to write a node program (a), and perhaps if
you also want to be able to easily install it elsewhere after packing it up
into a tarball (b)\.
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install\fP (in a package directory, no arguments):
  Install the dependencies to the local \fBnode_modules\fP folder\.
  In global mode (ie, with \fB\-g\fP or \fB\-\-global\fP appended to the command),
  it installs the current package context (ie, the current working
  directory) as a global package\.
  By default, \fBnpm install\fP will install all modules listed as
  dependencies in \fBpackage\.json\fP \fI/configuring\-npm/package\-json\fR\|\.
  With the \fB\-\-production\fP flag (or when the \fBNODE_ENV\fP environment
  variable is set to \fBproduction\fP), npm will not install modules listed
  in \fBdevDependencies\fP\|\. To install all modules listed in both
  \fBdependencies\fP and \fBdevDependencies\fP when \fBNODE_ENV\fP environment
  variable is set to \fBproduction\fP, you can use \fB\-\-production=false\fP\|\.
.QP
NOTE: The \fB\-\-production\fP flag has no particular meaning when adding a
  dependency to a project\.

.
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install <folder>\fP:
  If \fB<folder>\fP sits inside the root of your project, its dependencies will be installed and may
  be hoisted to the top\-level \fBnode_modules\fP as they would for other
  types of dependencies\. If \fB<folder>\fP sits outside the root of your project,
  \fInpm will not install the package dependencies\fR in the directory \fB<folder>\fP,
  but it will create a symlink to \fB<folder>\fP\|\.
.QP
NOTE: If you want to install the content of a directory like a package from the registry instead of creating a link, you would need to use the \fB\-\-install\-links\fP option\.

.
  Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install \.\./\.\./other\-package \-\-install\-links
  npm install \./sub\-package
.fi
.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install <tarball file>\fP:
  Install a package that is sitting on the filesystem\.  Note: if you just
  want to link a dev directory into your npm root, you can do this more
  easily by using npm help link\.
  Tarball requirements:
.RS
.IP \(bu 2
The filename \fImust\fR use \fB\|\.tar\fP, \fB\|\.tar\.gz\fP, or \fB\|\.tgz\fP as the
extension\.
.IP \(bu 2
The package contents should reside in a subfolder inside the tarball
(usually it is called \fBpackage/\fP)\. npm strips one directory layer
when installing the package (an equivalent of \fBtar x
\-\-strip\-components=1\fP is run)\.
.IP \(bu 2
The package must contain a \fBpackage\.json\fP file with \fBname\fP and
\fBversion\fP properties\.
Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
npm install \./package\.tgz
.fi
.RE

.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install <tarball url>\fP:
  Fetch the tarball url, and then install it\.  In order to distinguish between
  this and other options, the argument must start with "http://" or "https://"
  Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install https://github\.com/indexzero/forever/tarball/v0\.5\.6
.fi
.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install [<@scope>/]<name>\fP:
  Do a \fB<name>@<tag>\fP install, where \fB<tag>\fP is the "tag" config\. (See
  npm help config\. The config's default value is \fBlatest\fP\|\.)
  In most cases, this will install the version of the modules tagged as
  \fBlatest\fP on the npm registry\.
  Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install sax
.fi
.RE
  \fBnpm install\fP saves any specified packages into \fBdependencies\fP by default\.
  Additionally, you can control where and how they get saved with some
  additional flags:
.RS
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\-P, \-\-save\-prod\fP: Package will appear in your \fBdependencies\fP\|\. This
is the default unless \fB\-D\fP or \fB\-O\fP are present\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\-D, \-\-save\-dev\fP: Package will appear in your \fBdevDependencies\fP\|\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\-O, \-\-save\-optional\fP: Package will appear in your
\fBoptionalDependencies\fP\|\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\-\-no\-save\fP: Prevents saving to \fBdependencies\fP\|\.
When using any of the above options to save dependencies to your
package\.json, there are two additional, optional flags:
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\-E, \-\-save\-exact\fP: Saved dependencies will be configured with an
exact version rather than using npm's default semver range operator\.
.IP \(bu 2
\fB\-B, \-\-save\-bundle\fP: Saved dependencies will also be added to your
\fBbundleDependencies\fP list\.
Further, if you have an \fBnpm\-shrinkwrap\.json\fP or \fBpackage\-lock\.json\fP
then it will be updated as well\.
\fB<scope>\fP is optional\. The package will be downloaded from the registry
associated with the specified scope\. If no registry is associated with
the given scope the default registry is assumed\. See
npm help scope\.
Note: if you do not include the @\-symbol on your scope name, npm will
interpret this as a GitHub repository instead, see below\. Scopes names
must also be followed by a slash\.
Examples:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
npm install sax
npm install githubname/reponame
npm install @myorg/privatepackage
npm install node\-tap \-\-save\-dev
npm install dtrace\-provider \-\-save\-optional
npm install readable\-stream \-\-save\-exact
npm install ansi\-regex \-\-save\-bundle
.fi
.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fINote*\fR: If there is a file or folder named \fB<name>\fP in the current
working directory, then it will try to install that, and only try to
fetch the package by name if it is not valid\.

.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install <alias>@npm:<name>\fP:
  Install a package under a custom alias\. Allows multiple versions of
  a same\-name package side\-by\-side, more convenient import names for
  packages with otherwise long ones, and using git forks replacements
  or forked npm packages as replacements\. Aliasing works only on your
  project and does not rename packages in transitive dependencies\.
  Aliases should follow the naming conventions stated in
  \fBvalidate\-npm\-package\-name\fP \fIhttps://www\.npmjs\.com/package/validate\-npm\-package\-name#naming\-rules\fR\|\.
  Examples:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install my\-react@npm:react
  npm install jquery2@npm:jquery@2
  npm install jquery3@npm:jquery@3
  npm install npa@npm:npm\-package\-arg
.fi
.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install [<@scope>/]<name>@<tag>\fP:
  Install the version of the package that is referenced by the specified tag\.
  If the tag does not exist in the registry data for that package, then this
  will fail\.
  Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install sax@latest
  npm install @myorg/mypackage@latest
.fi
.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install [<@scope>/]<name>@<version>\fP:
  Install the specified version of the package\.  This will fail if the
  version has not been published to the registry\.
  Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install sax@0\.1\.1
  npm install @myorg/privatepackage@1\.5\.0
.fi
.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install [<@scope>/]<name>@<version range>\fP:
  Install a version of the package matching the specified version range\.
  This will follow the same rules for resolving dependencies described in
  \fBpackage\.json\fP \fI/configuring\-npm/package\-json\fR\|\.
  Note that most version ranges must be put in quotes so that your shell
  will treat it as a single argument\.
  Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install sax@">=0\.1\.0 <0\.2\.0"
  npm install @myorg/privatepackage@"16 \- 17"
.fi
.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install <git remote url>\fP:
  Installs the package from the hosted git provider, cloning it with
  \fBgit\fP\|\.  For a full git remote url, only that URL will be attempted\.
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  <protocol>://[<user>[:<password>]@]<hostname>[:<port>][:][/]<path>[#<commit\-ish> | #semver:<semver>]
.fi
.RE
  \fB<protocol>\fP is one of \fBgit\fP, \fBgit+ssh\fP, \fBgit+http\fP, \fBgit+https\fP, or
  \fBgit+file\fP\|\.
  If \fB#<commit\-ish>\fP is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
  commit\. If the commit\-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fP, \fB<semver>\fP
  can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for
  any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as
  it would for a registry dependency\. If neither \fB#<commit\-ish>\fP or
  \fB#semver:<semver>\fP is specified, then the default branch of the
  repository is used\.
  If the repository makes use of submodules, those submodules will be
  cloned as well\.
  If the package being installed contains a \fBprepare\fP script, its
  \fBdependencies\fP and \fBdevDependencies\fP will be installed, and the prepare
  script will be run, before the package is packaged and installed\.
  The following git environment variables are recognized by npm and will
  be added to the environment when running git:
.RS
.IP \(bu 2
\fBGIT_ASKPASS\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBGIT_EXEC_PATH\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBGIT_PROXY_COMMAND\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBGIT_SSH\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBGIT_SSH_COMMAND\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBGIT_SSL_CAINFO\fP
.IP \(bu 2
\fBGIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY\fP
See the git man page for details\.
Examples:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
npm install git+ssh://git@github\.com:npm/cli\.git#v1\.0\.27
npm install git+ssh://git@github\.com:npm/cli#pull/273
npm install git+ssh://git@github\.com:npm/cli#semver:^5\.0
npm install git+https://isaacs@github\.com/npm/cli\.git
npm install git://github\.com/npm/cli\.git#v1\.0\.27
GIT_SSH_COMMAND='ssh \-i ~/\.ssh/custom_ident' npm install git+ssh://git@github\.com:npm/cli\.git
.fi
.RE

.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install <githubname>/<githubrepo>[#<commit\-ish>]\fP:
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install github:<githubname>/<githubrepo>[#<commit\-ish>]\fP:
  Install the package at \fBhttps://github\.com/githubname/githubrepo\fP by
  attempting to clone it using \fBgit\fP\|\.
  If \fB#<commit\-ish>\fP is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
  commit\. If the commit\-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fP, \fB<semver>\fP
  can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for
  any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as
  it would for a registry dependency\. If neither \fB#<commit\-ish>\fP or
  \fB#semver:<semver>\fP is specified, then the default branch is used\.
  As with regular git dependencies, \fBdependencies\fP and \fBdevDependencies\fP
  will be installed if the package has a \fBprepare\fP script before the
  package is done installing\.
  Examples:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install mygithubuser/myproject
  npm install github:mygithubuser/myproject
.fi
.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install gist:[<githubname>/]<gistID>[#<commit\-ish>|#semver:<semver>]\fP:
  Install the package at \fBhttps://gist\.github\.com/gistID\fP by attempting to
  clone it using \fBgit\fP\|\. The GitHub username associated with the gist is
  optional and will not be saved in \fBpackage\.json\fP\|\.
  As with regular git dependencies, \fBdependencies\fP and \fBdevDependencies\fP will
  be installed if the package has a \fBprepare\fP script before the package is
  done installing\.
  Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install gist:101a11beef
.fi
.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install bitbucket:<bitbucketname>/<bitbucketrepo>[#<commit\-ish>]\fP:
  Install the package at \fBhttps://bitbucket\.org/bitbucketname/bitbucketrepo\fP
  by attempting to clone it using \fBgit\fP\|\.
  If \fB#<commit\-ish>\fP is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
  commit\. If the commit\-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fP, \fB<semver>\fP can
  be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags
  or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a
  registry dependency\. If neither \fB#<commit\-ish>\fP or \fB#semver:<semver>\fP is
  specified, then \fBmaster\fP is used\.
  As with regular git dependencies, \fBdependencies\fP and \fBdevDependencies\fP will
  be installed if the package has a \fBprepare\fP script before the package is
  done installing\.
  Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install bitbucket:mybitbucketuser/myproject
.fi
.RE
.IP \(bu 2
\fBnpm install gitlab:<gitlabname>/<gitlabrepo>[#<commit\-ish>]\fP:
  Install the package at \fBhttps://gitlab\.com/gitlabname/gitlabrepo\fP
  by attempting to clone it using \fBgit\fP\|\.
  If \fB#<commit\-ish>\fP is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
  commit\. If the commit\-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fP, \fB<semver>\fP can
  be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags
  or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a
  registry dependency\. If neither \fB#<commit\-ish>\fP or \fB#semver:<semver>\fP is
  specified, then \fBmaster\fP is used\.
  As with regular git dependencies, \fBdependencies\fP and \fBdevDependencies\fP will
  be installed if the package has a \fBprepare\fP script before the package is
  done installing\.
  Example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
  npm install gitlab:mygitlabuser/myproject
  npm install gitlab:myusr/myproj#semver:^5\.0
.fi
.RE

.RE
.P
You may combine multiple arguments and even multiple types of arguments\.
For example:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
npm install sax@">=0\.1\.0 <0\.2\.0" bench supervisor
.fi
.RE
.P
The \fB\-\-tag\fP argument will apply to all of the specified install targets\. If
a tag with the given name exists, the tagged version is preferred over
newer versions\.
.P
The \fB\-\-dry\-run\fP argument will report in the usual way what the install
would have done without actually installing anything\.
.P
The \fB\-\-package\-lock\-only\fP argument will only update the
\fBpackage\-lock\.json\fP, instead of checking \fBnode_modules\fP and downloading
dependencies\.
.P
The \fB\-f\fP or \fB\-\-force\fP argument will force npm to fetch remote resources
even if a local copy exists on disk\.
.P
.RS 2
.nf
npm install sax \-\-force
.fi
.RE
.SS Configuration
.P
See the npm help config help doc\.  Many of the configuration
params have some effect on installation, since that's most of what npm
does\.
.P
These are some of the most common options related to installation\.
.SS \fBsave\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: \fBtrue\fP unless when using \fBnpm update\fP where it defaults to \fBfalse\fP
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
Save installed packages to a \fBpackage\.json\fP file as dependencies\.
.P
When used with the \fBnpm rm\fP command, removes the dependency from
\fBpackage\.json\fP\|\.
.P
Will also prevent writing to \fBpackage\-lock\.json\fP if set to \fBfalse\fP\|\.
.SS \fBsave\-exact\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: false
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
Dependencies saved to package\.json will be configured with an exact version
rather than using npm's default semver range operator\.
.SS \fBglobal\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: false
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fP
folder instead of the current working directory\. See
npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior\.
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fP folder, instead
of the current working directory\.
.IP \(bu 2
bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fP
.IP \(bu 2
man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fP

.RE
.SS \fBglobal\-style\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: false
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
Causes npm to install the package into your local \fBnode_modules\fP folder with
the same layout it uses with the global \fBnode_modules\fP folder\. Only your
direct dependencies will show in \fBnode_modules\fP and everything they depend
on will be flattened in their \fBnode_modules\fP folders\. This obviously will
eliminate some deduping\. If used with \fBlegacy\-bundling\fP, \fBlegacy\-bundling\fP
will be preferred\.
.SS \fBlegacy\-bundling\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: false
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
Causes npm to install the package such that versions of npm prior to 1\.4,
such as the one included with node 0\.8, can install the package\. This
eliminates all automatic deduping\. If used with \fBglobal\-style\fP this option
will be preferred\.
.SS \fBomit\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fP environment variable is set to
\|'production', otherwise empty\.
.IP \(bu 2
Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times)

.RE
.P
Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk\.
.P
Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the
\fBpackage\-lock\.json\fP or \fBnpm\-shrinkwrap\.json\fP file\. They are just not
physically installed on disk\.
.P
If a package type appears in both the \fB\-\-include\fP and \fB\-\-omit\fP lists, then
it will be included\.
.P
If the resulting omit list includes \fB\|'dev'\fP, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fP environment
variable will be set to \fB\|'production'\fP for all lifecycle scripts\.
.SS \fBstrict\-peer\-deps\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: false
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
If set to \fBtrue\fP, and \fB\-\-legacy\-peer\-deps\fP is not set, then \fIany\fR
conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fP will be treated as an install failure, even
if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non\-peer
dependency relationships\.
.P
By default, conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fP deep in the dependency graph will
be resolved using the nearest non\-peer dependency specification, even if
doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside
the range set in their package's \fBpeerDependencies\fP object\.
.P
When such and override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the
conflict and the packages involved\. If \fB\-\-strict\-peer\-deps\fP is set, then
this warning is treated as a failure\.
.SS \fBpackage\-lock\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: true
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
If set to false, then ignore \fBpackage\-lock\.json\fP files when installing\. This
will also prevent \fIwriting\fR \fBpackage\-lock\.json\fP if \fBsave\fP is true\.
.P
This configuration does not affect \fBnpm ci\fP\|\.
.SS \fBforeground\-scripts\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: false
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fP, \fBinstall\fP, and \fBpostinstall\fP)
scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard
input, output, and error with the main npm process\.
.P
Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier,
but can be useful for debugging\.
.SS \fBignore\-scripts\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: false
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package\.json files\.
.P
Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as
\fBnpm start\fP, \fBnpm stop\fP, \fBnpm restart\fP, \fBnpm test\fP, and \fBnpm run\-script\fP
will still run their intended script if \fBignore\-scripts\fP is set, but they
will \fInot\fR run any pre\- or post\-scripts\.
.SS \fBaudit\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: true
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the
default registry and all registries configured for scopes\. See the
documentation for npm help audit for details on what is
submitted\.
.SS \fBbin\-links\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: true
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB\|\.cmd\fP shims on Windows) for package
executables\.
.P
Set to false to have it not do this\. This can be used to work around the
fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix
systems\.
.SS \fBfund\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: true
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
When "true" displays the message at the end of each \fBnpm install\fP
acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding\. See npm help fund for details\.
.SS \fBdry\-run\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: false
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should
only report what it would have done\. This can be passed into any of the
commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fP, \fBupdate\fP,
\fBdedupe\fP, \fBuninstall\fP, as well as \fBpack\fP and \fBpublish\fP\|\.
.P
Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist\-tags\fP,
\fBowner\fP, etc\.
.SS \fBworkspace\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default:
.IP \(bu 2
Type: String (can be set multiple times)

.RE
.P
Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the
current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by
this configuration option\.
.P
Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fP config are either:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Workspace names
.IP \(bu 2
Path to a workspace directory
.IP \(bu 2
Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all
workspaces within that folder)

.RE
.P
When set for the \fBnpm init\fP command, this may be set to the folder of a
workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a
brand new workspace within the project\.
.P
This value is not exported to the environment for child processes\.
.SS \fBworkspaces\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: null
.IP \(bu 2
Type: null or Boolean

.RE
.P
Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured
workspaces\.
.P
Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fP to
ignore workspaces altogether\. When not set explicitly:
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fP tree (install, update, etc\.)
will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fP folder\. \- Commands that do
other things (test, exec, publish, etc\.) will operate on the root project,
\fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fP config\.

.RE
.P
This value is not exported to the environment for child processes\.
.SS \fBinclude\-workspace\-root\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: false
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command\.
.P
When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fP config, or
all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fP flag, will cause npm to operate only on
the specified workspaces, and not on the root project\.
.P
This value is not exported to the environment for child processes\.
.SS \fBinstall\-links\fP
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
Default: false
.IP \(bu 2
Type: Boolean

.RE
.P
When set file: protocol dependencies that exist outside of the project root
will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a
symlink\. This option has no effect on workspaces\.
.SS Algorithm
.P
Given a \fBpackage{dep}\fP structure: \fBA{B,C}, B{C}, C{D}\fP,
the npm install algorithm produces:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
A
+\-\- B
+\-\- C
+\-\- D
.fi
.RE
.P
That is, the dependency from B to C is satisfied by the fact that A already
caused C to be installed at a higher level\. D is still installed at the top
level because nothing conflicts with it\.
.P
For \fBA{B,C}, B{C,D@1}, C{D@2}\fP, this algorithm produces:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
A
+\-\- B
+\-\- C
   `\-\- D@2
+\-\- D@1
.fi
.RE
.P
Because B's D@1 will be installed in the top\-level, C now has to install
D@2 privately for itself\. This algorithm is deterministic, but different
trees may be produced if two dependencies are requested for installation in
a different order\.
.P
See npm help folders for a more detailed description of
the specific folder structures that npm creates\.
.SS See Also
.RS 0
.IP \(bu 2
npm help folders
.IP \(bu 2
npm help update
.IP \(bu 2
npm help audit
.IP \(bu 2
npm help fund
.IP \(bu 2
npm help link
.IP \(bu 2
npm help rebuild
.IP \(bu 2
npm help scripts
.IP \(bu 2
npm help config
.IP \(bu 2
npm help npmrc
.IP \(bu 2
npm help registry
.IP \(bu 2
npm help dist\-tag
.IP \(bu 2
npm help uninstall
.IP \(bu 2
npm help shrinkwrap
.IP \(bu 2
package\.json \fI/configuring\-npm/package\-json\fR
.IP \(bu 2
npm help workspaces

.RE